Madison, Wisconsin planting calendar and frost dates
Madison is in USDA hardiness zone 5b. The last spring frost typically comes around May 1 and the first fall frost around October 10, giving about 160 frost-free days a year.
- Typical last frost
- May 1
- Typical first frost
- October 10
- Frost-free season
- 160 days
Frost dates in Madison
Last spring frost
- April 16Risky: frost later than this in 9 years out of 10
- May 1Typical: a later frost in half of years
- May 16Safe: a later frost only 1 year in 10
First fall frost
- September 26Risky: frost earlier than this 1 year in 10
- October 10Typical: an earlier frost in half of years
- October 24Late: frost before this in 9 years out of 10
The growing season between the typical last and first frosts is about 160 days. Frost here means a low of 32°F at the weather station. A hard freeze (28°F), which damages most hardy crops too, typically ends around April 20 and returns around October 22.
NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020 for Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 miles NNE of the city center. Low-lying and rural spots often frost later in spring and earlier in fall than airports and city centers.
What to plant each month in Madison
January
Start indoors: onions
February
Start indoors: broccoli, cabbages, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, leeks, onions, oregano, parsley, petunias, ranunculus, rosemary, snapdragons
March
Start indoors: black-eyed susans, broccoli, cabbages, cauliflower, celery, chives, cilantro, collard greens, eggplants, ginger, leeks, lettuce, marigolds, nasturtiums, oregano, parsley, peppers, petunias, ranunculus, rosemary, sage, snapdragons, spinach, swiss chard, tomatoes
Plant or sow outdoors: black-eyed susans, blueberries, garlic, grapes, grass seed, hollyhocks, kale, onions, peas, poppies, raspberries, rhubarb, strawberries, turnips, wildflowers
April
Start indoors: basil, cantaloupes, cilantro, cosmos, cucumbers, eggplants, marigolds, nasturtiums, okra, peppers, pumpkins, ranunculus, tomatoes, watermelons, winter squash, zucchini
Plant or sow outdoors: asparagus, beets, black-eyed susans, blackberries, blueberries, broccoli, cabbages, carrots, cauliflower, chives, cilantro, collard greens, dahlias, dill, figs, garlic, gladioli, grapes, grass seed, green onions, hollyhocks, kale, leeks, lettuce, onions, parsley, peas, poppies, potatoes, radishes, ranunculus, raspberries, rhubarb, roses, snapdragons, spinach, strawberries, swiss chard, turnips, wildflowers
May
Start indoors: cantaloupes, cosmos, cucumbers, okra, pumpkins, watermelons, winter squash, zinnias, zucchini
Plant or sow outdoors: asparagus, basil, beets, cantaloupes, carrots, chives, cilantro, cucumbers, dahlias, dill, eggplants, figs, garden mums, ginger, gladioli, grapes, green beans, green onions, kentucky bluegrass, lavenders, leeks, lettuce, lilies, marigolds, mints, nasturtiums, oregano, parsley, peppers, perennial ryegrass, petunias, potatoes, pumpkins, ranunculus, rosemary, roses, sage, snapdragons, spinach, sunflowers, sweet corn, sweet peas, swiss chard, tall fescue, thyme, tomatoes, watermelons, winter squash, zucchini
June
Start indoors: zinnias
Plant or sow outdoors: asparagus, bermudagrass, cantaloupes, celery, centipedegrass, cosmos, cucumbers, eggplants, green beans, green onions, okra, peanuts, peppers, pumpkins, st. augustinegrass, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, winter squash, zinnias, zoysiagrass, zucchini
July
Plant or sow outdoors: bermudagrass, centipedegrass, green onions, st. augustinegrass, zinnias, zoysiagrass
Plant for fall: bearded irises, broccoli, brussels sprouts, carrots, collard greens, lettuce, peas, snapdragons, swiss chard
August
Plant for fall: azaleas, bearded irises, beets, broccoli, cabbages, carrots, cauliflower, clematis, collard greens, coneflowers, crocuses, daffodils, daylilies, grass seed, hostas, hydrangeas, kale, lettuce, lilies, ornamental alliums, peas, peonies, radishes, roses, saffron, snapdragons, spinach, swiss chard, tulips, turnips
September
Plant for fall: cabbages, cauliflower, crocuses, daffodils, daylilies, grass seed, hostas, hyacinths, kale, lilies, ornamental alliums, peonies, radishes, saffron, spinach, tulips
October
Plant for fall: crocuses, daffodils, garlic, hyacinths, lilies, ornamental alliums, peonies, tulips
Frost dates and zones by ZIP code in Madison
All 10 of Madison's main ZIP codes take their frost dates from Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, so the dates on this page apply across the city. The hardiness zone is 5a in 53593, 53713, and 5b in 53704, 53705, 53711, 53714, 53716, 53717, 53718, 53719.
| ZIP code | Zone | Weather station | Typical last frost | Typical first frost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53593 | 5a | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53704 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53705 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53711 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53713 | 5a | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53714 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53716 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53717 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53718 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
| 53719 | 5b | Madison Dane Rgnl Airport, 5.5 mi NNE | May 1 | Oct 10 |
Planting dates for popular crops in Madison
| Plant | Start indoors | Plant or sow outdoors | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomatoes | Mar 27 to Apr 10 | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Strawberries | — | Mar 20 to Apr 3 | — |
| Lettuce | Mar 6 to 20 | Apr 24 to May 8 | Jul 11 to Aug 15 |
| Cilantro | Mar 20 to Apr 3 | May 1 to 8 | — |
| Basil | Apr 3 to 17 | May 22 to 29 | — |
| Potatoes | — | Apr 25 to May 2 | — |
| Garlic | — | Mar 20 to Apr 3 | Oct 10 to 24 |
| Onions | Jan 9 to Feb 20 | Apr 3 to 17 | — |
| Cucumbers | Apr 24 to May 8 | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Pumpkins | Apr 24 to May 8 | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Peppers | Mar 6 to Apr 3 | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Carrots | — | Apr 10 to May 1 | Jul 18 to Aug 8 |
| Sweet Potatoes | — | Jun 5 to 12 | — |
| Watermelons | Apr 17 to May 1 | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Sweet Corn | — | May 1 to 15 | — |
| Green Beans | — | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Zucchini | Apr 24 to May 8 | May 22 to Jun 5 | — |
| Broccoli | Feb 13 to Mar 6 | Apr 3 to 17 | Jul 25 to Aug 22 |
| Peas | — | Mar 20 to Apr 3 | Jul 18 to Aug 1 |
| Spinach | Mar 20 to 27 | Apr 24 to May 8 | Aug 1 to Sep 5 |
| Sunflowers | — | May 1 to 22 | — |
| Zinnias | May 26 to Jun 2 | Jun 23 to Jul 7 | — |
| Tulips | — | — | Aug 29 to Oct 24 |
| Daffodils | — | — | Aug 29 to Oct 10 |
| Grass Seed | — | Mar 20 to Apr 3 | Aug 29 to Sep 12 |
Nearby cities
- Janesville, WI zone 5b, last frost Apr 26
- Waukesha, WI zone 5b, last frost May 1
- Rockford, IL zone 5b, last frost Apr 24
- West Allis, WI zone 5b, last frost Apr 19
- Milwaukee, WI zone 5b, last frost Apr 19
- Dubuque, IA zone 5a, last frost Apr 19
Planting in WisconsinAbout zone 5bPrintable calendar for Madison
Questions
When is the last frost in Madison?
Around May 1 in a typical year, based on NOAA's 1991-2020 records for Madison Dane Rgnl Airport. There is still a 1 in 10 chance of frost after May 16.
What planting zone is Madison in?
USDA hardiness zone 5b (2023 map), with parts of the city in zone 5a. The zone tells you which perennials survive the winter; planting dates depend on frost dates instead.
When should I plant tomatoes in Madison?
Start seeds indoors March 27 to April 10 and set plants out May 22 to June 5.
When is the first frost in Madison?
Around October 10 in a typical year, and before September 26 about 1 year in 10.