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Birmingham, Alabama planting calendar and frost dates

Birmingham is in USDA hardiness zone 8b. The last spring frost typically comes around March 21 and the first fall frost around November 11, giving about 236 frost-free days a year.

Hardiness zone
Zone 8b (parts in 8a)
Typical last frost
March 21
Typical first frost
November 11
Frost-free season
236 days

Frost dates in Birmingham

Last spring frost

  • February 28Risky: frost later than this in 9 years out of 10
  • March 21Typical: a later frost in half of years
  • April 8Safe: a later frost only 1 year in 10

First fall frost

  • October 30Risky: frost earlier than this 1 year in 10
  • November 11Typical: an earlier frost in half of years
  • December 1Late: frost before this in 9 years out of 10

The growing season between the typical last and first frosts is about 236 days. Frost here means a low of 32°F at the weather station. A hard freeze (28°F), which damages most hardy crops too, typically ends around March 7 and returns around November 24.

NOAA U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020 for Birmingham Airport, 4.5 miles NE of the city center. Low-lying and rural spots often frost later in spring and earlier in fall than airports and city centers.

What to plant each month in Birmingham

  1. January

    Start indoors: black-eyed susans, broccoli, cabbages, cauliflower, celery, chives, collard greens, eggplants, ginger, kale, leeks, lettuce, marigolds, onions, oregano, parsley, peppers, petunias, ranunculus, rosemary, sage, snapdragons

  2. February

    Start indoors: basil, black-eyed susans, cabbages, cantaloupes, celery, chives, cilantro, collard greens, eggplants, ginger, lettuce, marigolds, nasturtiums, peppers, ranunculus, sage, snapdragons, spinach, swiss chard, tomatoes, watermelons

    Plant or sow outdoors: asparagus, beets, black-eyed susans, blackberries, blueberries, broccoli, cabbages, carrots, cauliflower, chives, cilantro, collard greens, figs, garlic, gladioli, grapes, grass seed, green onions, hollyhocks, kale, leeks, lettuce, onions, parsley, peas, poppies, potatoes, radishes, ranunculus, raspberries, rhubarb, roses, spinach, strawberries, swiss chard, turnips, wildflowers

  3. March

    Start indoors: cantaloupes, cosmos, cucumbers, okra, pumpkins, ranunculus, watermelons, winter squash, zucchini

    Plant or sow outdoors: asparagus, beets, black-eyed susans, blackberries, broccoli, cabbages, carrots, cauliflower, chives, cilantro, dahlias, dill, figs, garden mums, ginger, gladioli, grapes, green onions, kentucky bluegrass, lavenders, leeks, lettuce, lilies, marigolds, mints, nasturtiums, onions, oregano, parsley, perennial ryegrass, petunias, potatoes, radishes, ranunculus, rosemary, roses, sage, snapdragons, spinach, sunflowers, sweet corn, sweet peas, swiss chard, tall fescue, thyme, turnips

  4. April

    Start indoors: zinnias

    Plant or sow outdoors: asparagus, basil, bermudagrass, cantaloupes, celery, centipedegrass, cosmos, cucumbers, eggplants, garden mums, ginger, grapes, green beans, green onions, lavenders, lilies, marigolds, mints, nasturtiums, okra, oregano, parsley, peanuts, peppers, petunias, pumpkins, rosemary, sage, st. augustinegrass, sunflowers, sweet corn, sweet potatoes, thyme, tomatoes, watermelons, winter squash, zoysiagrass, zucchini

  5. May

    Plant or sow outdoors: bermudagrass, celery, centipedegrass, cosmos, green onions, okra, peanuts, st. augustinegrass, zinnias, zoysiagrass

  6. July

    Plant for fall: peppers, potatoes, tomatoes

  7. August

    Plant for fall: bearded irises, broccoli, brussels sprouts, carrots, collard greens, cucumbers, green beans, lettuce, peas, peppers, snapdragons, sweet corn, swiss chard, tomatoes, zucchini

  8. September

    Plant for fall: azaleas, bearded irises, beets, broccoli, cabbages, carrots, cauliflower, clematis, collard greens, coneflowers, crocuses, daffodils, daylilies, grass seed, hostas, hydrangeas, kale, kentucky bluegrass, lettuce, lilies, ornamental alliums, peas, peonies, perennial ryegrass, radishes, roses, saffron, snapdragons, spinach, swiss chard, tall fescue, tulips, turnips, zucchini

  9. October

    Plant for fall: cabbages, cauliflower, crocuses, daffodils, daylilies, grass seed, hostas, hyacinths, kale, kentucky bluegrass, lilies, ornamental alliums, peonies, perennial ryegrass, radishes, saffron, spinach, tall fescue, tulips

  10. November

    Start indoors: onions

    Plant for fall: crocuses, daffodils, garlic, hyacinths, lilies, ornamental alliums, peonies, tulips

  11. December

    Start indoors: collard greens, leeks, onions, petunias, ranunculus

Frost dates and zones by ZIP code in Birmingham

All 12 of Birmingham's main ZIP codes take their frost dates from Birmingham Airport, so the dates on this page apply across the city. The hardiness zone is 8a in 35094, 35204, 35206, 35207, 35210, 35212, 35214, 35215, 35235, and 8b in 35211, 35224, 35242.

ZIP codeZoneWeather stationTypical last frostTypical first frost
350948aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352048aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352068aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352078aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352108aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352118bBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352128aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352148aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352158aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352248bBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352358aBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11
352428bBirmingham Airport, 4.5 mi NEMar 21Nov 11

Planting dates for popular crops in Birmingham

PlantStart indoorsPlant or sow outdoorsFall planting
TomatoesFeb 5 to 19Apr 2 to 16Jul 29 to Aug 5
Strawberries—Feb 7 to 21—
LettuceJan 24 to Feb 7Mar 14 to 28Aug 12 to Sep 16
CilantroFeb 7 to 21Mar 21 to 28—
BasilFeb 12 to 26Apr 2 to 9—
Potatoes—Feb 28 to Mar 7Jul 22 to 29
Garlic—Feb 7 to 21Nov 11 to 25
OnionsNov 29 to Jan 10Feb 21 to Mar 7—
CucumbersMar 5 to 19Apr 2 to 16Aug 12 to 26
PumpkinsMar 7 to 21Apr 4 to 18—
PeppersJan 15 to Feb 12Apr 2 to 16Jul 22 to Aug 19
Carrots—Feb 28 to Mar 21Aug 19 to Sep 9
Sweet Potatoes—Apr 22 to 29—
WatermelonsFeb 26 to Mar 12Apr 2 to 16—
Sweet Corn—Mar 21 to Apr 4Aug 5 to 19
Green Beans—Apr 2 to 16Aug 19 to 26
ZucchiniMar 5 to 19Apr 2 to 16Aug 19 to Sep 2
BroccoliJan 3 to 24Feb 21 to Mar 7Aug 26 to Sep 23
Peas—Feb 7 to 21Aug 19 to Sep 2
SpinachFeb 7 to 14Mar 14 to 28Sep 2 to Oct 7
Sunflowers—Mar 21 to Apr 11—
ZinniasApr 13 to 20May 11 to 25—
Tulips——Sep 30 to Nov 25
Daffodils——Sep 30 to Nov 11
Grass Seed—Feb 7 to 21Sep 30 to Oct 14

Nearby cities

Planting in AlabamaAbout zone 8bPrintable calendar for Birmingham

Questions

When is the last frost in Birmingham?

Around March 21 in a typical year, based on NOAA's 1991-2020 records for Birmingham Airport. There is still a 1 in 10 chance of frost after April 8.

What planting zone is Birmingham in?

USDA hardiness zone 8b (2023 map), with parts of the city in zone 8a. The zone tells you which perennials survive the winter; planting dates depend on frost dates instead.

When should I plant tomatoes in Birmingham?

Start seeds indoors February 5 to 19 and set plants out April 2 to 16; the safest date to plant out is after April 8.

When is the first frost in Birmingham?

Around November 11 in a typical year, and before October 30 about 1 year in 10.